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Biology

The departments of Botany and Zoology jointly offer one undergraduate degree. For information on advanced programs in biology, see graduate Botany and Zoology. Students wishing to undertake a graduate program in biology should contact the life science departments most appropriate to the field of specialization.

There are several undergraduate degree options leading to a major or honours in biology or a combined major or combined honours in biology and chemistry, biology and oceanography, or biology and computer science. See the Biology Program Guide for details. It is also possible to add a minor in another subject.

Courses in marine sciences are offered at the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre (BMSC) on Vancouver Island operated by the Western Canadian Universities Marine Sciences Society (WCUMSS). Students who have completed second year and have suitable course prerequisites may take combinations of 3-week or 6-week courses during Summer Session to a maximum of 18 credits each summer. BMSC also offers a 4-month immersion program from September to December (15 credits). Please visit the BMSC website for more information or consult the Biology office.

Biology Specialization Requirements

Students who are entering second year and wish to pursue a biology specialization must apply using the online process administered by the Faculty of Science. Students will receive an email communication regarding the process in late May or early June. Due to the similarity between the major and honours biology specializations in second year, the Faculty of Science only admits students directly to the Major, Combined Major, or the Combined Honours.

Students who are not eligible for entry into a biology specialization using the second-year online process can apply for entrance into third-year biology specializations during the months of May and August. For further information on our specializations and admission process, please see the Biology website. Students transferring from other institutions into third-year biology and who have completed the prerequisite courses may submit late applications as needed. Students who have already been admitted into a second-year biology specialization do not need to reapply for admission in third-year unless they are applying to enter an honours specialization.

Qualified students wishing to enter a biology honours specialization should contact the Biology Office. Students wishing to enter a biology honours specialization must have a 75% average in courses taken during the previous Winter Session and meet all other honours requirements. Students can apply for entrance to a biology honours specialization during the months of May and August.

Progress of continuing biology students will be reviewed and considered for promotion at the end of each academic year.

Co-operative Education Program

This optional program integrates academic study and supervised work experience. Enrolment is limited. Admissibility to the third-year biology B.Sc. program is prerequisite for admission. Detailed information is available from the Biology Program Office, or the Co-operative Education Program.

First-Year Course Options

BIOL_V 112, 121 and 180 (or 140) are prerequisites to many BIOL_V courses. These courses are required for the major and honours specializations in biology, the combined major and the combined honours in chemical biology, the combined major and the combined honours in computer science and biology, and the combined major and combined honours in oceanography and biology. Students without one of Biology 11 or Biology 12 must take BIOL_V 111 before taking BIOL_V 112, 121 or 180. Students without Chemistry 12 must take CHEM_V 100 or CHEM_V 111 before taking BIOL_V 112. BIOL_V 180 is not required for students who have taken SCIE_V 001.

Students interested in meeting the entrance requirements of the Faculties or Schools of Land and Food Systems, Dentistry, Forestry, Medicine, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinesiology, and Rehabilitation Sciences should consult the appropriate office to determine the first-year biology requirement.

Specializations

Major (3095): Biology (BIOL)

Students may enter the Biology Major beginning in their second-year or third-year.

First year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 11223
BIOL_V 12123
BIOL_V 180 (or BIOL_V 140)22
CHEM_V 121 (or 111 or 141)4
CHEM_V 12334
CPSC_V 103 or DSCI_V 10043
MATH_V 100 or 102 or 104 (or 120 or 180 or 184)53
MATH_V 101 or 103 or 105 (or 121)53
PHYS_V 13163
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 200, 230, 26079
BIOL_V 233 or 23473
Two of BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, or MICB_V 201 or 2118,98
CHEM_V 233, 2354
Electives4,5,7,8,9,103
Total Credits30
  
Third and Fourth Years 
BIOL_V 300113
BIOL_V 3363
Biology Laboratory Selections124
Life Science Selections1220
Electives4,5,7,8,9,1029
Total Credits59
Total Credits for Degree120
1 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
2 Students without one of Biology 11 or Biology 12 must take BIOL_V 111 before taking BIOL_V 112, 121 or 180. Students without Chemistry 12 must take CHEM_V 100, CHEM_V 110, or CHEM_V 111 before taking BIOL_V 112.
3 Students who do not have B.C. High School Chemistry 12 (or its equivalent) must write the UBC Chemistry Basic Skills Test and may be required to take CHEM_V 100. CHEM_V 110 and CHEM_V 115 may substitute for CHEM_V 111. CHEM_V 120 and CHEM_V 115 may substitute for CHEM_V 121. CHEM_V 130 and CHEM_V 135 may substitute for CHEM_V 123. 
4 May be deferred until second or third-year to allow space for electives. CPSC_V 100, CPSC_V 110, or CPSC_V 301 may substitute for CPSC_V 103. Students who substitute CPSC_V 103 with CPSC_V 110 should decrease the electives by one credit. 
5 MATH_V 110 may substitute for any of the specified differential calculus courses listed by decreasing the electives by 3 credits. Students may substitute 4-credit MATH_V courses (MATH_V 120, 121, 180, 184) as appropriate by decreasing the electives.
6 PHYS_V 101, PHYS_V 106, PHYS_V 107 or PHYS_V 117 may substitute for PHYS_V 131. Students are encouraged to also take PHYS_V 119. Students without credit for Physics 12 must take PHYS_V 100 before taking other 100-level PHYS_V courses. PHYS_V 100 will count as an elective.
7 Up to 3 credits of BIOL_V 200, 230, 233, 234, and 260 may be deferred until third-year to allow space for additional electives.
8 Up to 4 credits of BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, MICB_V 201 or 211 may be deferred to third-year to allow space for additional electives. BIOL_V 201 and CHEM_V 205 are recommended electives.
9 Students who take MICB_V 201 or 211 as one of the two organismal diversity courses (BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, or MICB_V 201 or 211) should increase the electives by 1 credit.
10 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
 
11 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
12 See below for the list of accepted Biology Laboratory and Life Science selections. If the credit total of the courses selected for the Biology Laboratory selections exceeds 4, then these excess credits of Biology Laboratory selections will count toward the Life Science selections. At least 12 credits of Life Science selections must be taken from BIOL_V or MRNE_V courses. See the Biology Program Guide for advice about choosing appropriate Life Science and Laboratory selections. 

Biology Laboratory Selections

Students must take at least two of the following courses:

  • BIOL_V 306, 311, 326, 331, 337, 340, 341, 342, 351, 352, 363, 402, 403, 404, 409, 437.

Note:
BIOL_V 351 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 2 credits of Life Science Selection or 4 credits of Life Science Selection.
BIOL_V 352 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 1 credit of Life Science Selection or 3 credits of Life Science Selection.

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two groups: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • admission to the Biology Major does not guarantee admission to these courses;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, BIOL_V, MICB_V or MRNE_V that is open to Life Science majors plus:
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life Science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

Honours (3194): Biology (BIOL)
 

First Year and Second Year 
Same as for Biology Major (3095)1 
Total Credits61
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 30023
BIOL_V 34733
  
Third or Fourth Years 
BIOL_V 3363
Two Biology Laboratory Selections64
Life Science Selections624
Electives1,425
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44956
Total Credits71
Total Credits for Degree132
1 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits each Winter Session and meet the Faculty of Science Requirements for Honours.
2 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
3 Please see a biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit in your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
4 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
 
5 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Department of Botany or Zoology. 
6 See below for the list of accepted Biology Laboratory and Life Science Selections. If the credit total of the courses selected for the Biology Laboratory Selections exceeds 4, then these excess credits of Biology Laboratory Selections will count toward the Life Science Selections. 

Biology Laboratory Selections

  • BIOL_V 306, 311, 326, 331, 337, 340, 341, 342, 351, 352, 363, 402, 403, 404, 409, 437
  • MRNE_V courses may be taken with permission of a biology advisor.

Note:
BIOL_V 351 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 2 credits of Life Science Selection or 4 credits of Life Science Selection.
BIOL_V 352 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 1 credit of Life Science Selection or 3 credits of Life Science Selection.

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • At least 18 credits of Life Science Selections must be taken from BIOL_V or MRNE_V courses; at least 9 credits of which should be at the 400 level. Third-year courses should be chosen carefully to ensure that all prerequisites are taken.
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open to Life Science Majors plus:
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 471, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life Science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

See the Biology Program Guide for advice about choosing appropriate Life Science and Laboratory Selections.

Honours (0054): Animal Biology (ANIM)
 

First Year 
Same as for Biology Major (3095) 
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 200, 230, 26029
BIOL_V 233 or 23423
BIOL_V 204 and 20538
CHEM_V 233, 2354
Electives2,3,4,53
Total Credits30
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 30063
BIOL_V 3632
Two of BIOL_V 364, 370, 371, 37276
BIOL_V 34783
  
Third or Fourth Years 
BIOL_V 3363
Biology Laboratory Selection102
Animal Biology Selections1012
Life Science Selections109
Electives3,4,522
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44996
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Years71
Total Credits for Degree132
1 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement
2 Up to three credits of BIOL_V 200, 230, 233, 234, and 260 may be deferred until third-year to allow space for additional electives.
3 One of BIOL_V 204 or 205 may be deferred to third-year to allow space for additional electives. BIOL_V 201 and CHEM_V 205 are recommended electives.
4 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
5 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits each winter session and meet Faculty of Science requirements for Honours.
6 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
7 BIOL_V 361 may substitute for one of BIOL_V 370 or BIOL_V 371. If students elect to take more than two of BIOL_V 364, BIOL_V 370, BIOL_V 371, and BIOL_V 372, then these excess credits will count towards the Animal Biology Selections. 
8 Please see a Biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
9 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Department of Zoology.
10 See below for the list of accepted Biology Laboratory, Animal Biology and Life Science Selections. If the credit total of the courses selected for the Biology Laboratory Selections exceeds 4, then these excess credits of Biology Laboratory Selections will count toward the Life Science Selections.

Biology Laboratory Selections

  • One of BIOL_V 306, 311, 326, 331, 337, 340, 341, 342, 402, 403, 404, 409, 437
  • MRNE_V courses may be taken with permission of a Biology advisor.

Note:
BIOL_V 331 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 2 credits of Animal Biology Selection or 4 credits of Animal Biology Selection.

Animal Biology Selections

  • BIOL_V 310, 325, 326, 327, 331, 370, 371, 372, 410, 411, 413, 416, 418, 425, 426, 427, 428, 450, 451, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 465
  • MRNE_V courses with permission of Biology advisor.

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement.

  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOL_V (including those listed as Animal Biology Selections taken in excess of the required minimum 12 credits).
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open for credit to Life Science majors plus
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life Science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

Honours (0405): Cell and Developmental Biology (CELL)
 

First Year 
Same as for Biology Major (3095) 
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 200, BIOL_V 230, 26029
BIOL_V 201 (or BIOC_V 202 or BIOC_V 203)3
BIOL_V 233 or 23423
One of BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, MICB_V 201 or 21133
CHEM_V 233, 235, 2057
Electives2,3,4,53
Total Credits31
  
Third Year 
One of BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, MICB_V 201 or 21133
BIOL_V 30063
BIOL_V 340 and 3414
BIOL_V 34773
  
Third or Fourth Years 
BIOC_V 3036
BIOL_V 3353
BIOL_V 3363
Cell and Developmental Biology Selections8,1012
Life Science Selections109
Electives2,3,4,515
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44996
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Years70
Total Credits for Degree132
1 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
2 Up to three credits of BIOL_V 201, 230, 233, 234, and 260 may be deferred until third-year to allow space for additional electives.
3 Students must take two organismal diversity courses (BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, MICB_V 201 or 211) prior to graduation; at least one of these courses must be taken in second-year. Students may choose to take both courses in second-year, by replacing the second-year elective and increasing the available electives in third- and fourth-years. Students who take MICB_V 201 or 211 as one of the two organismal diversity courses (BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, MICB_V 201 or 211) should increase the electives by 1 credit.
4 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
5 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits each Winter Session and meet Faculty of Science requirements for Honours.
6 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
7 Please see a Biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
8 Honours Cell and Developmental Biology students are strongly recommended to take at least two of BIOL_V 331, BIOL_V 362, BIOL_V 370, and BIOL_V 371 in their third-year.
9 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Departments of Zoology or Botany.
10 See below for the list of accepted Cell and Developmental Biology and Life Science Selections. At least 6 credits of Cell and Developmental Biology Selections must be at the fourth-year level.

Cell and Developmental Biology Selections

  • BIOL_V 331, 337, 338, 351, 352, 361, 362, 370, 371, 372, 423, 430, 431, 432, 433, 436, 437, 440, 441, 448, 450, 455, 456, 458, 463, 464

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these credits carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOL_V (including those listed as Cell and Developmental Biology Selections taken in excess of the required minimum 12 credits).
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open for credit to Life Science majors plus
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life Science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

Honours (0583): Conservation Biology (CONS)
 

First Year 
Same as for Biology Major (3095) 
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 200, 230, 26029
BIOL_V 233 or 23423
One of BIOL_V 204, 20534
One of BIOL_V 209, 210, 320, 321, 322, 3243,43
CHEM_V 233, 2354
Electives2,3,4,5,64
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 30073
BIOL_V 34783
  
Third or Fourth Years 
Two Biology Laboratory Selections104
BIOL_V 3063
BIOL_V 3363
BIOL_V 4163
Conservation Selections1012
Life Science Selections109
Electives3,4,522
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44996
Total Credits in Third and Fourth Years71
Total Credits for Degree132
1 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
2 Up to 3 credits of BIOL_V 200, 230, 233, 234, and 260 may be deferred until third-year to allow space for additional electives.
3 One of BIOL_V 204, 205, 209 or 210 may be deferred to third-year to allow space for additional electives.
4 Students who take 4 credits of organismal diversity courses (BIOL_V 209, 210, 320, 321, 322, 324) should take 3 credits of electives.
5 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
6 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits in each Winter Session and meet Faculty of Science requirements for Honours.
7 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
8 Please see a Biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
9 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Departments of Botany or Zoology.
10 See below for the list of accepted Biology Laboratory, Conservation Biology, and Life Science selections. If the credit total of the courses selected for the Biology Laboratory selections exceeds 4, then these excess credits of Biology Laboratory selections will count toward the Life Science selections.

Biology Laboratory Selections

  • BIOL_V 306, 311, 326, 331, 337, 340, 341, 342, 351, 352, 363, 402, 403, 404, 409, 437;
  • MRNE_V courses may be taken with permission of a Biology advisor.

Note:
BIOL_V 351 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 2 credits of Life Science Selection or 4 credits of Life Science Selection.

BIOL_V 352 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 1 credits of Life Science Selection or 3 credits of Life Science Selection.

BIOL_V 402, and BIOL_V 404 count as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 1 credit of Conservation Biology Selection or 3 credits of Conservation Biology Selection.

Conservation Biology Selections

  • BIOL_V 301, 310, 402, 404, 406, 408, 411, 415, 418, 434, 462
  • CONS_V 200, 330, 440, 486
  • FRST_V 386, 395, 432, 495
  • LAW_V 387, 388
  • MRNE_V 430, 435; other MRNE_V with permission of a Biology specialization advisor.
  • EOSC_V 474

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOL_V (including those listed as Conservation Biology Selections taken in excess of the required minimum 12 credits).
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open for credit to Life Science majors plus:
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life Science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

Honours (0045): Ecology (ECOL)
 

First Year 
Same as for Biology Major (3095) 
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 200, 230, 26029
BIOL_V 233 or 23423
One of BIOL_V 204, 20534
One of BIOL_V 209, 21034
CHEM_V 233, 2354
Electives2,3,4,53
Total Credits30
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 30063
BIOL_V 34773
Third or Fourth Years 
BIOL_V 3063
BIOL_V 3363
BIOL_V 415 or 4183
Two Biology Laboratory Selections94
Ecology Selections912
Life Science Selections99
Electives3,422
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44986
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Years71
Total Credits for Degree132
1 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
2 Up to three credits of BIOL_V 200, 230, 233, 234, and 260 may be deferred until third-year to allow space for additional electives.
3 One of BIOL_V 204, 205, 209, or 210 may be deferred to third-year to allow space for additional electives. BIOL_V 201 and CHEM_V 205 are recommended electives.
4 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
5 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits each winter session and meet Faculty of Science requirements for Honours.
6 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
7 Please see a Biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
8 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Departments of Botany or Zoology.
9 See below for the list of accepted Biology Laboratory, Ecology and Life Science selections. If the credit total of the courses selected for the Biology Laboratory selections exceeds 4, then these excess credits of Biology Laboratory selections will count toward the Life Science selections.

Biology Laboratory Selections

  • BIOL_V 306, 311, 326, 331, 337, 340, 341, 342, 351, 352, 363, 402, 403, 404, 409, 437
  • MRNE_V courses may be taken with permission of a Biology advisor.

Note:
BIOL_V 351 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 2 credits of Life Science Selection or 4 credits of Life Science Selection.

BIOL_V 352 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 1 credit of Life Science Selection or 3 credits of Life Science Selection.

BIOL_V 402, BIOL_V 404, and BIOL_V 409 count as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 1 credit of Ecology Selection or 3 credits of Ecology Selection.

Ecology Selections

  • BIOL_V 310, 324, 402, 404, 406, 408, 409, 411, 412, 413, 416, 418, 434, 445, 462
  • FRST_V 432
  • MICB_V 301
  • MRNE_V 430; MRNE_V courses with permission of Biology advisor.

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOL_V (including those listed as Ecology Selections taken in excess of the required minimum 12 credits).
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open for credit to Life Science majors plus:
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life Science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

Honours (0983): Evolutionary Biology (EVOL)
 

First and Second Years 
Same as for Biology Major (3095)1 
Total Credits for First and Second Years61
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 30023
BIOL_V 34733
  
Third or Fourth Years 
BIOL_V 3363
Two of BIOL_V 415, 417, 434 or two of BIOL_V 417, 418, 4346
EOSC_V 3263
Two Biology Laboratory Selections64
Evolutionary Biology Selections612
Life Science Selections69
Electives419
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44956
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Years71
Total Credits for Degree132
1 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits each Winter Session and meet Faculty of Science requirements for Honours.
2 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
3 Please see a Biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
4 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
5 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Departments of Botany or Zoology.
6 See below for the list of accepted Biology Laboratory, Evolutionary Biology and Life Science selections. If the credit total of the courses selected for the Biology Laboratory selections exceeds 4, then these excess credits of Biology Laboratory selections will count toward the Life Science selections.

Biology Laboratory Selections

  • BIOL_V 301, 306, 311, 326, 331, 337, 340, 341, 342, 351, 352, 363, 402, 403, 404, 409, 437
  • MRNE_V courses with permission of Biology advisor.

Note:
BIOL_V 351 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 2 credits of Life Science Selection or 4 credits of Life Science Selection.
BIOL_V 352 counts as either 2 credits of Laboratory Selection and 1 credit of Life Science Selection or 3 credits of Life Science Selection.

Evolutionary Biology Selections

  • BIOL_V 310, 320, 321, 323, 324, 326, 327, 328, 332, 412, 413, 415, 417, 418, 427, 428, 430, 434, 465

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • Any third or fourth-year course in BIOL_V (including those listed as Evolutionary Biology Selections taken in excess of the required minimum 12 credits).
  • Any third or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open for credit to Life Science majors plus:
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 495

Honours (0518): Marine Biology (MRNB)
 

First Year 
Same as for Biology Major (3095) 
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 200, 230, 26029
BIOL_V 233 or 23423
BIOL_V 205, 20938
CHEM_V 233, 2354
Electives2,3,4,53
Total Credits30
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 30063
BIOL_V 34773
  
Third or Fourth Years 
BIOL_V 3204
BIOL_V 3263
BIOL_V 3363
Biology Laboratory Selection92
Marine Biology Selections912
Life Science Selections99
Electives3,423
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44986
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Years71
Total Credits for Degree132
1 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
2 Up to three credits of BIOL_V 200, 230, 233, 234, and 260 may be deferred until third-year to allow space for additional electives.
3 One of BIOL_V 205 or 209 may be deferred to third-year to allow space for additional electives. BIOL_V 201 and CHEM_V 205 are recommended electives.
4 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
5 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits each Winter Session and meet Faculty of Science requirements for Honours.
6 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
7 Please see a Biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
8 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Departments of Botany or Zoology.
9 See below for the list of accepted Biology Laboratory, Marine Biology and Life Science Selections. If the credit total of the courses selected for the Biology Laboratory Selections exceeds 4, then these excess credits of Biology Laboratory Selections will count toward the Life Science Selections.

Biology Laboratory Selections

  • BIOL_V 301, 306, 311, 331, 337, 340, 341, 342, 351, 352, 363, 402, 403, 404, 409, 437
  • MRNE_V courses may be taken with permission of a Biology advisor.

Note:
BIOL_V 351 counts as either 2 credits of laboratory selection and 2 credits of Life Science selection or 4 credits of Life Science selection.
BIOL_V 352 counts as either 2 credits of laboratory selection and 1 credit of Life Science selection or 3 credits of Life Science selection.

Marine Biology Selections

  • BIOL_V 325, 402, 420, 428, 445, 465
  • CONS_V 486
  • EOSC_V 372, 373, 470, 475
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in MRNE_V.

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOL_V (including those listed as Marine Biology selections taken in excess of the required minimum 12 credits).
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open for credit to Life Science majors plus:
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

b) Life science selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

Honours (0372): Plant Biology (PTLB)
 

First Year 
Same as for Biology Major (3095) 
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
Communication Requirement13
BIOL_V 200, 230, 26029
BIOL_V 233 or 23423
BIOL_V 209, 21038
CHEM_V 233, 2354
Electives2,3,4,53
Total Credits30
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 30063
BIOL_V 34773
BIOL_V 351, 3527
  
Third or Fourth Years 
BIOL_V 3243
BIOL_V 3363
BIOL_V 4153
Plant Biology Selections912
Life Science Selections99
Electives3,419
  
Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4473
BIOL_V 44986
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Years71
Total Credits for Degree132
1 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
2 Up to three credits of BIOL_V 200, 230, 233, 234, and 260 may be deferred until third-year to allow space for additional electives.
3 One of BIOL_V 209 or 210 may be deferred to third-year to allow space for additional electives.
4 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
5 Prospective honours students and students in honours must ensure that they take at least 30 credits each Winter Session and meet Faculty of Science requirements for Honours.
6 STAT_V 200 can replace BIOL_V 300 with permission of a Biology specialization advisor. However, students who take STAT_V 200 must complete an additional 3 credits of BIOL_V numbered higher than 300.
7 Please see a Biology advisor if BIOL_V 347 cannot fit your timetable or if you are a student entering honours in fourth-year.
8 Potential research project supervisors will be drawn from the Department of Botany.
9 See below for the list of Plant Biology and Life Science Selections.

Plant Biology Selections

  • BIOL_V 320, 321, 322, 323, 406, 412, 416, 418, 421, 423, 433, 444, 462
  • MRNE_V courses may be taken with permission of a Biology advisor.

Life Science Selections

The list of Life Science Selections below is divided into two sets: a) science courses that count towards the Science Requirement and b) non-science courses that do not count towards the Science Requirement. When choosing Life Science Selections, students should ensure that these courses, together with their other required courses and electives, will fulfill the Faculty of Science’s Upper-level Requirement, Science and Arts Requirements and General Degree Requirements.

Note that careful prior planning is essential because:

  • enrolment in many Life Science Selections is limited;
  • some of these courses carry additional prerequisites.

a) Life Science Selections that count towards the Science Requirement:

  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOL_V (including those listed as Plant Biology Selections taken in excess of the required minimum 12 credits).
  • Any third- or fourth-year course in BIOC_V, CAPS_V, MICB_V, or MRNE_V that is open for credit to Life Science majors plus:
    • ENVR_V 430
    • EOSC_V 470, 474, 475, 478
    • GEOS_V (or GEOB_V) 307, 407
    • FNH_V 350, 351, 451
    • MATH_V 462
    • MEDG_V 410, 419, 420, 421
    • PCTH_V 305, 325

Note that honours students are strongly recommended to take BIOL_V 347 in their third-year.

b) Life Science Selections that do not count towards the Science Requirement:

  • APBI_V 311, 312, 314, 315, 318, 342, 401, 411, 418, 419, 442, 444
  • CONS_V 330, 440, 486, 496
  • FRST_V 302, 310, 385, 386, 395, 399, 444, 485, 495

Combined Major Specializations

Combined Major (3340): Chemical Biology

See Chemistry.

Combined Major (3125): Oceanography and Biology

See Oceanography.

Combined Major (1370): Computer Science and Biology
 

First Year 
BIOL_V 112, 12116
CHEM_V 121 (or 111 or 141)24
CHEM_V 12324
Communication requirement33
CPSC_V 110 (or 103 and 107)44
CPSC_V 12154
MATH_V 100 or 102 or 104 (or 180 or 184 or 120)63
MATH_V 101 or 103 or 105 (or 121)63
Total Credits31
  
Second Year 
BIOL_V 180 (or BIOL_V 140)12
BIOL_V 2003
BIOL_V 233 or 2343
CHEM_V 233, 2354
Communication requirement33
CPSC_V 2105, 213, 22112
MATH_V 200 or 2213
Total Credits30
  
Third Year 
One of BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 21074
BIOL_V 230 or 2603
BIOL_V 300 or STAT_V 2003
CPSC_V 310 and 3207
  
Third or Fourth Year 
CPSC_V 3133
CPSC_V courses numbered 300 or above8,96
CPSC_V courses numbered 400 or above8,9,103
Two of BIOL_V 306, 311, 326, 33111, 337, 340, 341, 342, 35111, 35211, 363, 403, 404, 409, 4374
BIOL_V 3363
BIOL_V courses numbered 300 or above7,96
Electives6,717
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Year59
Total Credits for Degree120
1 Students without one of Biology 11 or Biology 12 must take BIOL_V 111 as an elective before taking BIOL_V 112, 121, or 180. Students without Chemistry 12 must take CHEM_V 100, CHEM_V 110, or CHEM_V 111 before taking BIOL_V 112.
2 Students who do not have B.C. High School Chemistry 12 (or its equivalent) must write the UBC Chemistry Basic Skills Test and may be required to take CHEM_V 100. CHEM_V 110 and CHEM_V 115 may substitute for CHEM_V 111. CHEM_V 120 and CHEM_V 115 may substitute for CHEM_V 121. CHEM_V 130 and CHEM_V 135 may substitute for CHEM_V 123. 
3 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
4 While CPSC_V 110 is the recommended route for students pursuing a specialization in Computer Science, CPSC_V 103, 107 may be taken in its place using 2 credits of electives. 
5 Students pursuing a Co-op program in Computer Science are advised to also take CPSC_V 210 in their first-year or in the summer following their first-year. Co-op students will then be in a position to take one or both of CPSC_V 221 and CPSC_V 213 in term one of second-year before going out on a Co-op work term.
6 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Students who take courses in BIOL_V or MATH_V with more credits than those recommended may require fewer elective credits. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
7 It is recommended that students take at least 2 of BIOL_V 203, 204, 205, 209, 210. Students interested in phylogenetics should also take upper-level organismal courses and/or BIOL_V 417. MATH_V/STAT_V 302 and BIOL_V 436, BIOL_V 430, BIOL_V 440 and MICB_V 405 are recommended for those interested in bioinformatics or genomics. MATH_V 361 and 462 are recommended for those interested in modelling biological processes.
8 Suggested courses for those interested in bioinformatics are CPSC_V 304, 404, and 445.
9 Credits gained from undergraduate Student-Directed Seminars (BIOL_V 490, CPSC_V 490) can not be used to fulfill this requirement.
10 These 3 credits must be chosen from 400-level CPSC_V lecture-based courses. 
11 If the credit total of these two laboratory courses exceeds 4, then the excess credits will count towards the requirement for 6 credits of BIOL_V courses numbered 300 or above. 

Combined Honours: Computer Science and Biology is also offered. Students must contact a computer science advisor for entry into the Combined Honours: Computer Science and Biology.

Combined Honours Specializations

Combined Honours (3132): Chemical Biology

See Chemistry.

Combined Honours (0535): Oceanography and Biology

See Oceanography.

Combined Honours (1460): Computer Science and Biology
 

First Year 
BIOL_V 112,12116
BIOL_V 180 (or 140)12
CHEM_V 121 (or 111)24
CHEM_V 12324
Communication requirement33
CPSC_V 110 (or 103 and 107)44
CPSC_V 12154
MATH_V 120 or 100 or 102 or 104 or 180 or 18463
MATH_V 121 or 101 or 103 or 10563
Total Credits33
  
Second Year 
BIOL_V 2003
BIOL_V 233 or 2343
BIOL_V 230 or BIOL_V 26073
CHEM_V 233, 2357,84
Communication requirement33
CPSC_V 2105, 2137, 22112
MATH_V 20073
STAT_V 200 or BIOL_V 3003
Total Credits34
  
Third Year 
BIOL_V 335, 3366
CPSC_V 310, 3207
STAT_V 3023
  
Third or Fourth Year 
BIOL_V 4499 or CPSC_V 449106
MICB_V 4053
Two of CPSC_V 304, 313, 420, 421, 44511,126
CPSC_V courses numbered 300 or above12,136
7 credits14 from BIOC_V 302, 402, BIOL_V 301, 331, 337, 340, 341, 347, 431, 433, 434, 44797
Bioinformatics or genomics electives12,156
Electives615
Total Credits for Third and Fourth Years65
Total Credits for Degree132
1 Students without one of Biology 11 or Biology 12 must take BIOL_V 111 as an elective before taking BIOL_V 112, 121 or 180. Students without Chemistry 12 must take CHEM_V 100, CHEM_V 110, or CHEM_V 111 before taking BIOL_V 112.
2 Students who do not have B.C. High School Chemistry 12 (or its equivalent) must write the UBC Chemistry Basic Skills Test and may be required to take CHEM_V 100. CHEM_V 110 and CHEM_V 115 may substitute for CHEM_V 111. CHEM_V 120 and CHEM_V 115 may substitute for CHEM_V 121. CHEM_V 130 and CHEM_V 135 may substitute for CHEM_V 123.
3 A total of 6 credits of coursework is required to meet the Communication Requirement. For a full list of acceptable courses see Communication Requirement.
4 While CPSC_V 110 is the recommended route for students pursuing a specialization in Computer Science, CPSC_V 103, 107 may be taken in its place using 2 credits of electives. 
5 Students pursuing a Co-op program in Computer Science are advised to also take CPSC_V 210 in their first-year or in the summer following their first-year. Co-op students will then be in a position to take one or both of CPSC_V 221 and CPSC_V 213 in term one of second-year before going out on a Co-op work term. 
6 Students are permitted to move elective credits between years. Students who take courses in MATH_V with more credits than those recommended will require fewer elective credits. Elective credits together with required courses must fulfill the Faculty of Science’s:
a) Foundational Requirement;
b) Laboratory Science Requirement;
c) Science Breadth Requirement;
d) Science and Arts Requirements;
e) Upper-level Requirement;
f) General Degree Requirements.
7 One of BIOL_V 230, BIOL_V 260, CHEM_V 235, CPSC_V 213, or MATH_V 200 can be deferred to third-year.
8 CHEM_V 203 and 213 are also acceptable.
9 BIOL_V 447 is required for students intending to take BIOL_V 449. 
10 Taken in fourth-year; the thesis topic must be related to bioinformatics. Students intending to take CPSC_V 449 must take CPSC_V 349 in their third-year.
11 We recommend that at least one of the remaining courses be taken as part of the 6 credits of CPSC_V courses numbered 300 or above.
12 Every student must complete at least 3 credits from lecture based 400 level CPSC_V course(s). 
13 Credits gained from undergraduate Student-Directed Seminars (CPSC_V 490) can not be used to fulfill this requirement. 
14 It is possible to replace some of these credits by a life science course not on this list, as long as the replacement is approved by a Biology specialization advisor.
15 Bioinformatics or genomics electives can be upper-level BIOC_V, BIOL_V, CPSC_V, MATH_V, MICB_V, or STAT_V courses, excluding Student-Directed Seminars (BIOL_V 490, CPSC_V 490). Recommended courses include BIOL_V 338, 430, 436, 440. Students not taking CPSC_V 449 must have at least 3 credits of CPSC_V courses 400 or above, out of the 6 credits used to satisfy this requirement.

 


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